Correspondence Address:
Rohit Sharma
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Abhilashi Ayurvedic College and Research Institute, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi - 175 028, Himachal Pradesh
India

Full Text

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, and risk of coronary disease is three to fourfold more in patients with diabetes compared with nondiabetic population [1],[2],[3] and 60–80% of T2DM patients are obese.[4] The association between obesity and T2DM has been reproducibly observed in cross-sectional and prospective studies across various populations.[5] High incidences of T2DM have been observed at Jamnagar district of Saurashtra region of Gujarat.[6] Reports on lipid profile and co-morbidity of diabetes and obesity as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among diabetic population in Jamnagar are lacking. This study was therefore conducted to examine the lipid profile in obese T2DM patients and obese control group to correlate coronary heart disease with dyslipidemia among residents of Jamnagar.

This study was conducted in post-graduate teaching and research hospital of Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, from May 1, 2013 to February 28, 2014. The study was conducted to assess the lipid profile in randomly selected 110 T2DM patients associated with obesity and 76 obese age and sex matched controls, residing in urban and rural areas of Jamnagar. Venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects in the morning after fasting overnight. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were analyzed. Total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration were determined with semi-automated enzymatic analyzer. Serum HDL-C level was measured by using phospho-tungstate precipitation method. Serum LDL-C was calculated according to the computational procedures of Friedewald et al.[7] Inclusion criteria: Known T2DM patients with body mass index (BMI) more than 30 kg/m 2 were included in this study. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, chronic infectious disease, heart failure, renal failure, and drug allergy (confirmed from the subject's personal physician report and a detailed). Ethical approval for the study was taken from the institutional research ethical committee. The obtained data was analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS statistics software version 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2013); t-test was used to observe the relationship between different variables; and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. The obtained results were interpreted as: P < 0.001 as highly significant, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 as significant and P < 0.10 as insignificant.

The mean ± SD age of diabetic patients with obesity was 51.12 ± 4.17 while the mean ± SD age of control was 48.44 ± 4.3. Out of 110 patients 68 (61.81%) were males and 42 (38.18%) were females. Among control subjects, 41 (53.94%) were males and 35 (46.05%) were females. The obtained results (in Mean ± SD) were as follows: Total cholesterol was 235.18 ± 33.15 in obese diabetic patients and 152.66 ± 42.71 in obese controls. Serum triglyceride was 198.89 ± 43.10 in obese diabetic patients and 104.22 ± 18.09 in obese controls. Serum HDL-C was 36.28 ± 15.06 in obese diabetic patients and 41.08 ± 11.25 in obese controls. Serum LDL-C was 149.52 ± 31.05 in obese diabetic patients and 80.33 ± 37.22 in obese controls. Lipid profile of obese T2DM patients when compared with obese control subjects showed statistically significant increase in the levels of serum total cholesterol (P< 0.001), serum triglycerides (P< 0.001), serum LDL-C (P< 0.001), while serum HDL-C levels did not show statistically significant difference in the two groups (P > 0.05). Previous studies have shown similar results as obtained in our study.[8],[9],[10]

Though the study was of limited sample size, the findings reflect that the obese diabetic individuals have dyslipidemia and more prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. The pathological cascades involved in development of these complications in obese diabetics are well elucidated in previous works.[11] The present study is a wakeup call to disseminate awareness in the community to adopt suitable dietary and life style guidelines [12] to maintain their physical well-being so as to make the prevention and control of diabetes an achievable goal in India.

Financial support and sponsorship

Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

Conflict of interest

There are no conflict of interest.

References